Fort Wayne and you will Allen County’s high inhabitants lose was almost certainly due in order to increasing racial polarization in the later 1850s. It count went on to help you ericans of the 1870 census. The fresh new county’s people increased to 169 for the 1880 features once the trended up, enumerating 41,618 African Us americans on the 2010 census.

Bibliography

Kirby, J. Randolph. “Notes toward Emergence regarding a black colored Community inside the Fort Wayne, Indiana ranging from 1820 and you may 1850.” Dated Fort Development 54: 1-12.

Quinn, Angela Yards. Brand new Below ground Railroad additionally the Antislavery Movement in the Fort Wayne and you will Allen County, Indiana. Fort Wayne, IN: Arch, Inc., 2001.

Stith, Hana L. Smoking cigarettes a neglected History, Dark colored Background, Fort Wayne, Indiana. Fort Wayne, Ind.: African & African american Neighborhood Museum, 2005.

U.S. Agency of one’s Census. “Aggregate Quantity of For each Description of People in this Section out of Indiana,” 1: 352. 6th Census of one’s All of us, 1840. Washington, D.C.: You.S. Census Office, 1841.

You.S. Agency of Census. People out of Municipal Divisions Lower than Counties; Table III County out-of Indiana,” 1:124 Seventh Census of your own All of us, 1850 Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Workplace, 1852

You.S. Bureau of your Census. Society out-of Civil Departments Below Counties; Desk III Condition regarding Indiana,” 1:124 8th Census of your You, 1860. Arizona, D.C.: You.S. Census Workplace, 1862

You.S. Bureau of Census. “Society regarding Municipal Divisions Below Areas; Dining table III-State out of Indiana,” 1: 124. Ninth Census of one’s Us, 1870. Washington, D.C.: You.S. Government Printing Office, 1872.

Bartholomew County are formed within the 1821. According to government censuses, the full quantity of blacks and you may mulattos was six in the 1830 (like the Nancy Tyler and you can James Slight Minneapolis, MN mail-order brides family members), 34 inside the 1840, 82 in the 1850, six during the 1860, and you may 42 inside 1870.

Bartholomew County’s you to identified settlement sometimes titled “Africa,” “Smokey Mountain,” or “Nigger Mountain” are situated in Columbus Township

The important decrease out-of 1850 to help you 1860 could be associated with new bad racial surroundings and/otherwise most useful monetary potential various other areas (Handley and Robbins, 33). It was not until 1880 the city of Columbus noticed good nice boost in the black colored populace.These types of residents stayed in Columbus Township in addition to city of Columbus. The the surnames were: Jones, Oxendine, Galbreath, Mitchell, Simmons and you can Newby. (Newby and you can Hill were names which were with the Beech Payment during the nearby Rush County.) This type of early settlers came from New york, South carolina, Virginia and you can Indiana.

Many of the parents which were regarding 1850 census is along with listed in the brand new Register away from Negroes and you can Mulattoes getting Bartholomew Condition. (Robbins, Indiana Negro Documents 1852-1865) Specialist Xenia Elizabeth. Wire covers an unfamiliar Bartholomew Condition settlement inside her essay, “Black colored Outlying Settlements inside the Indiana in advance of 1860” (Gibbs, 104-105). Toward July 29, 1927, historian George Pence displayed a newspaper in advance of a joint meeting out-of this new Bartholomew County Historical Community together with State house Literary Pub (Paulette Roberts Collection). Regarding report, Pence claims: “With each other in the early fifties a little most Negroes, particular fifty souls, the advised, got compensated on southern section of Columbus, and the settlement try in your town known as Africa.

Inside the old age after the emigration of your colored some body brand new area try converted to a more modern title compared to Smokey Row. It appears to be town named “Africa” and you will “Smokey Line” are also known as “Nigger Slope” in the late 1870s. An enthusiastic African Methodist Episcopal Chapel Congregation within the Columbus is defined as becoming part of this new Salem Circuit which have cuatro participants during the 1841 (Moments, Indiana Annual Appointment, AME Chapel). In 1850 there had been three “negro” homeowners with a house valued at $520 (Heller, 303).